Large, Nonplateauing Relationship Between Clinical Disability and Cerebral White Matter Lesion Load in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To better characterize the relationship between cerebral white matter lesion load (CWM-LL) and clinical disability by (1) covering the entire range of the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), (2) minimizing nonbiological sources of variability, and (3) increasing pathologic specificity by studying CWM lesions that are hypointense on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, retrospective study. SETTING: Hospital-based multiple sclerosis (MS) clinic. Patients A total of 110 patients with untreated MS were recruited and studied from June 1, 1997, through June 30, 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cube-rooted CWM-LL and EDSS-measured clinical disability scores. RESULTS: We found a large, nonplateauing relationship between cube-rooted CWM-LL and concurrent EDSS scores, more so for T1-hypointense than T2-hyperintense lesions (r = 0.619 vs 0.548). Correlations between the EDSS scores and CWM-LL diminished when, as typically done in clinical trials, only those patients with EDSS scores of 0 to 6.0 were studied (n = 92; r = 0.523 for T1-hypointense lesions and r = 0.457 for T2-hyperintense lesions); more important, a series of boot-strapped correlations suggested that this decrease was not simply due to smaller sample size, and these relationships remained even after correcting for disease duration. CONCLUSION: A large, nonplateauing relationship exists between CWM-LL and EDSS-measured clinical disability when patients with MS are studied to examine the entire range of disability, minimize nonbiological sources of variability, and increase pathologic specificity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".