186 TRANSMISSION OF NONCYTOPATHIC BOVINE DIARRHEA VIRUS BY INFECTED SEMEN TO EMBRYO DONORS AND BY EMBRYOS TO EMBRYO TRANSFER RECIPIENTS AND OFFSPRING
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bovine diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes a variety of economically important enteric and infertility problems. For that reason, several countries have eradicated the disease and some others have schemes in progress to achieve freedom from it. Although there is a considerable amount of information about the risk of BVDV transmission through contaminated semen used for AI, there is no available evidence to indicate whether the resulting embryos, when used for embryo transfer (ET), can lead to the transmission of BVDV to recipients and offspring. For this experiment, semen from a bull persistently infected with BVDV (105 TCID50/mL of NY strain) was used for insemination (2 times at estrus) of BVDV-seronegative, superovulated heifers (n = 27).All heifers seroconverted to BVDV within 10 days post-insemination. Embryos and unfertilized oocytes were collected nonsurgically (n = 92) or postmortem (n = 52) 7 days post-insemination and were either washed according to IETS recommendations (without trypsin treatment) or left unwashed. In total, out of 144 unfertilized oocytes and embryos collected, 23 (16%) were of ET quality. Most of the embryos were degenerated or unfertilized. On 17 occasions, 1 or 2 washed embryos were transferred to BVDV-seronegative recipients. After ET, all pregnant and nonpregnant recipients remained free of BVDV and antibodies. In total, 6 heifers became pregnant and 5 calves free of BVDV and BVDV antibodies, including 2 sets of twins, have been born to date. Post-insemination, BVDV was detected in 29% (12/41) of unwashed and 10% (4/40) of washed embryos, 100% (4/4) of follicular fluid samples, oviductal epithelial cells, endometrium, and corpora lutea tissues as determined by the virus isolation test. Results herein suggest that BVDV can be transmitted by AI, resulting in the production of some proportion of contaminated embryos. However, it appears that such embryos, when washed according to the IETS guidelines, do not cause BVDV transmission to recipients or their offspring.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".