Back-to-Back Geosynthetic-Reinforced MSE Wall Supporting Elevated Dual Railroad Tracks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A newly developed mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) system consisting of large precast block with a mechanical connection using narrow geosynthetic reinforcement provided a cost-effective solution to a challenging project. Canadian National (CN) Railway needed to switch an at-grade rail crossing with a commuter system to an elevated crossing. Due to the overhead catenary electrical wire system of the commuter rail line, a metallic-reinforced MSE wall system could not be used. Geosynthetic-reinforced MSE wall systems are generally more cost effective than metallic-reinforced systems, and there is no concern using geosynthetic reinforcement near a catenary system. This unique project was one of the first to use this positive connection system with continuous reinforcement through the facing block. It was also the first geosythetic MSE wall system supporting dual railroad tracks with less than 1 degree face batter. The MSE system uses geogrid soil reinforcement in 300 mm (1 ft) wide strips. Because the reinforcement is in strips instead of full sheets, the MSE structure is designed with a reinforcement coverage ratio of 50% instead of 100%, which would be typical of full sheets. The MSE abutment is approximately 6.4 m (21 ft) tall at the bridge structure. The wall is being monitored by surveying to observe performance during and post construction. The wall sections were completed at the end of 2012. This paper will present the design, construction, and monitoring of this historic project.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".