Treatment of Typical (Enteropathic) Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Typical enteropathic HUS (eHUS) is triggered by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing bacteria (STPB), predominantly Stx-producing ESCHERICHIA COLI O157. The cell biological aspects of Stx have been well defined, but host factors potentially predisposing to the development or severity of HUS remain elusive. Treatment of eHUS includes supportive measures and invasive extracorporeal therapies. Thirty to 60% of children with eHUS require dialysis. Peritoneal and hemodialysis appear equally effective. Patient age, center experience, and equipment availability determine the choice of the modality; circulatory instability may require continuous renal replacement therapies. At present, no evidence indicates that plasma infusion or exchange therapies improve outcome of Stx-induced HUS. However, the traditional separation between diarrhea-positive (D (+)) and negative (D (-)) HUS, implying two entirely different pathological pathways, requires a fresh look: Atypical HUS may follow nonspecific diarrhea, and, conversely, STPB and fecal Stx may not be detected anymore at the time of the diagnosis of HUS. Recently, Stx has been found to directly interfere with the alternative complement pathway regulator factor H in vitro, whereas some patients with Stx-HUS demonstrate evidence of complement activation. Among newer treatments for eHUS, development of Stx-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies is the most advanced. This review concludes with a discussion of the rationale, mode of action, and status of presently available therapeutic antibodies against Stx2 and Stx1.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".