Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral treatment, accelerated atherosclerosis resulting in coronary artery disease (CAD) has become an area of increasing concern among patients infected with HIV. As CAD has replaced myocarditis and opportunistic infection as the most common cause of heart failure in this population, it is necessary to re-evaluate the specific risks of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients taking into consideration the processes driving atherogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent data illustrating that atazanavir is not associated with an increased risk of CAD argue against a class-wide association of protease inhibitors in HIV treatment and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. C-C chemokine receptor-type 5 has been identified as a potential target for pharmacological therapy to manage the process of atherosclerosis while simultaneously having an antiretroviral effect. Additionally, as the use of statins has recently been associated with new-onset diabetes in the general population, further investigation of this risk in HIV-infected patients is necessary. SUMMARY: HIV-infected patients have an increased risk of CAD and subsequently heart failure. This is likely because of a confluence of several factors including: conventional risk factors, HIV-specific processes driving inflammation, coagulatory pathway and endothelial dysfunction. The benefits of antiretroviral drugs in terms of overall survival rates outweigh the risks of dyslipidemia. The focus of the management of cardiovascular risk remains in the domains of primary and secondary prevention. More accurate risk stratification, which accounts for HIV-specific risk factors, is now increasingly warranted.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".