Trend of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in Iran in Recent Years
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and aims: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever is a zoonotic disease that can develop into a severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. The CCHF virus (CCHFV) is a member of the genus Nairovirus, family Bunyaviridae, and is transmitted to humans by bite of an infected tick, by direct contact with blood or tissues from infected humans or livestock. Methods: From June 2000 to 17 November 200, sera were collected from 1029 CCHF probable human cases and analyzed by immunological (specific ELISA) and molecular (RT-PCR) assays. Results: Between 1029 CCHF probable human cases, 410 were confirmed. Among CCHF confirmed cases, 358 were IgM positive and 52 cases only RT-PCR positive. 123 people between 358 IgM positive cases were also RT-PCR positive. The number of probable, confirmed, and death cases according to the year respectively include 2000(55, 20, 4), 2001 (167, 66,11), 2002 (247,111,14), 2003 (145, 57,12), 2004 (82, 26, 6), 2005 (84, 18, 7), 2006 (111, 50, 3), and 2007 (138, 62, 4). It was demonstrated that the most exposed professions respectively were farmer (19.5%), worker (16.8%), housewife (16.3%), butcher (12.4%) and slaughterer (5.9%). The most infected provinces were respectively Sistan-Balouchestan (66.6%), Isfahan (10%), and Fars (4.9%) and Tehran (3.4%) Conclusions: As seen in the results, Sistan-Balouchestan, being near the countries such as Pakistan and Afghanistan which CCHF has been reported, is the most infected province in Iran, also our genetic analysis of CCHFV strains present in Iran proved this fact that the Iranian CCHFV strain is similar to Pakistan Matin satrain. As the investigations demonstrated, CCHF is the most viral hemorrhagic fever in Iran, so with a regular training program for the people and the high risk professions in the endemic areas, the mortality rate of 20% in 2000 was decreased up to nearly 6.5% in 2007. It seems that with a continuous training and informing program, we will also be able to reduce propagation of CCHF in Iran.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".