Pathogenicity and virulence of <i><scp>A</scp>rmillaria sinapina</i> and host response to infection in <scp>D</scp>ouglas‐fir, western hemlock and western redcedar in the southern <scp>I</scp>nterior of <scp>B</scp>ritish <scp>C</scp>olumbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary The frequency of infection, lesion characteristics and anatomical changes in phloem and cambial tissues caused by A rmillaria sinapina were studied on inoculated trees of D ouglas‐fir, western hemlock and western redcedar and compared with results of A . ostoyae inoculations previously reported on the same host species. Similar percentages of inoculations resulting in infection of roots on the three hosts indicate that A . sinapina and A . ostoyae are equally pathogenic. A rmillaria ostoyae was more virulent than A . sinapina as demonstrated by fungal exudates from A . ostoyae inoculum blocks, which appeared to cause lesions on roots; the higher frequency at which lignified impervious tissue ( IT ) and necrophylactic periderm ( NP ) developed in bark and following cambial invasion, compartmentalization; the large proportion of roots that showed no visible host response; the large zones of IT formed under continuous stimulation by A . ostoyae advancing in inner bark; and the high frequency of breaching of NP barriers. Spread of A . sinapina mycelium in host species appeared slower than that of A . ostoyae , particularly in D ouglas‐fir and western hemlock. In western redcedar, A . ostoyae induced stronger host responses than those following invasion by A . sinapina , which included further expansion of the induced rhytidome response, traumatic phloem resin duct formation and higher numbers of polyphenolic parenchyma comprising its barrier zone. Where damage by A . sinapina ensued, it was always associated with high inoculum potential. The ecology of virulent and less virulent species of A rmillaria in natural forests is discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".