Consolidation and Secession in Los Angeles: The Dialectics of Urban Governance Reform at the End of the Twentieth Century
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Globalization has forced large cities like Los Angeles into a reopening of the debate about scale, substance and boundaries of governance. While over time, Los Angeles has developed into a fragmented, private and horizontal city, there have also been historical countertendencies of regionalist, public and vertical urbanization trends. Consolidationism currently appears most visibly in the attempts to establish some form of regional cooperation and governance in Southern California. This paper interprets recent debates about the rewritten City Charter as part of the consolidationist tradition of the urban area and the ways in which, on the other hand, secessionism, a means of local politics having a long tradition in Los Angeles, is offered by its defenders as an potential solution to the problems of urban governance in the age of globalization and as an historical antipode of consolidationist tendencies in the area. This paper looks particularly at San Fernando Valley secessionism as a product of the tumultuous events of the early 1990s in Los Angeles, of changed legislation which makes it easier for parts of cities to secede, and of the consolidationist process of rewriting the City Charter of 1925.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".