Field‐aligned currents in the polar cap at small IMF <i>B<sub>z</sub></i> and <i>B<sub>y</sub></i> inferred from SuperDARN radar observations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Routine SuperDARN observations of the ionospheric plasma convection and field‐aligned currents (FACs) in the high‐latitude ionosphere are used to study current systems established at small interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz and By. By statistical averaging of available data sets we show that under this IMF condition the ionospheric convection pattern consists of two (evening and morning) convection cells that are similar in shape. The flow intensity inside the central polar cap is noticeably depressed so that plasma entering the polar cap flows around its border, predominantly along the lines of equal magnetic latitude, so that the convection cells are of a crescent‐like shape. This global pattern of plasma flow is associated with the effect of the region 0 field‐aligned currents coexisting with the region 1 and region 2 field‐aligned currents. SuperDARN observations of FACs for individual events support this conclusion. FACs were derived by analyzing the vorticity of the SuperDARN convection maps. We show that region 0 currents for small IMF Bz and By can exist in time sectors way off the magnetic noon. Thus radar observations support earlier findings from satellite magnetometer measurements of the region 0 current system at high latitudes during both the prenoon and afternoon at small IMF intensities. Because the region 0 FACs occur during small IMF intensities, it is suggested that quasi‐viscous processes play a role in their generation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".