Imaging of single GaN nanowires by tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Raman imaging of a single [1 1 0] GaN nanowire using a combination of an atomic force microscope (AFM) and an inverted confocal microscope was investigated. The Raman spectra and associated maps of this single object, the diameter of which was of 200 nm, were collected in both confocal mode and with the interaction of an AFM tip to benefit from local tip enhancement effect. Beyond the pure tip‐enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) effect, the setup was developed to integrate a commercial AFM and spectrometer to permit simultaneous topography and vibrational imaging with spatial and spectral resolutions determined by the respective instruments. Data exchange and communication of the Raman spectrometer and the AFM were optimized to display both height and Raman intensity for a set of Z positions at the AFM tip for each ( x,y ) position on the sample. The experiments were conducted with both a straight tip coated with gold at an excitation of λ = 647 nm and with a tilted tip coated with silver at an excitation wavelength of λ = 514 nm. The TERS signal was observed for a given phonon mode of the [1 1 0] nanowire, providing an optical resolution that corresponds to the size of the object. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".