Dynamic in vivo three‐dimensional (3D) kinematics of the anterior cruciate ligament/medial collateral ligament transected ovine stifle joint
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to use an ovine stifle joint model to assess the impact of combined transection of the anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments on three-dimensional (3D) joint motion serially over 20 weeks after transection. In vivo 3D kinematics were measured in the right hind limb of eight sheep while walking on a treadmill (accuracy, 0.4 mm +/- 0.4 mm, 0.4 degrees +/- 0.4 degrees ). Five sheep received surgical ligament transection and three sheep received sham surgery without transection. At 2 weeks after transection, average joint flexion at hoof strike was significantly increased (8.9 degrees +/- 3.0 degrees ), and the tibial position was significantly shifted in the anterior direction relative to the femur during midstance (4.9 mm +/- 0.9 mm). By 20 weeks after transection, joint flexion had normalized, but the tibial position was significantly adducted (0.5 degrees +/- 0.7 degrees ) and shifted in the medial (2.5 mm +/- 1.2 mm), anterior (5.8 mm +/- 1.9 mm), and superior directions (1.6 mm +/- 0.4 mm). At 2 and 20 weeks after surgical intervention, the maximal anterior tibial position was significantly increased during mid-stance in the transected group (4.9 mm +/- 0. 9 mm and 5.8 mm +/- 1.9 mm) compared to the sham operated group (0.2 mm +/- 0.2 mm and -0.1 +/- 0.1 mm). Although the anterior tibial shift was observed in all transected sheep, a high degree of variability existed between sheep, in the initial joint position, the magnitude of the early change, the change over time, and the change at 20 weeks. In this situation statistics must be interpreted carefully, and in future studies, individual changes should be assessed in the context of individual pathological changes in order to investigate potential clinical significance.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".