PAX Proteins and Fables of Their Reconstruction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The PAX proteins derive their name from the "paired box," a region of homology first described between the Drosophila paired (Prd) and gooseberry (Gsb) proteins and later found to encode a sequence-specific DNA-binding activity. Both Prd and Gsb also contain a homeodomain, and this combination of DNA-binding domains is conserved in ancestral predecessors, reflecting an early "homeodomain-capturing" event. In addition, the prototypic PAX protein was thought to contain 2 additional features, namely the octapeptide (or eh1) motif and PHT (or OAR) domain-both modulate PAX regulatory activity but are not unique to the PAX family. Together with gene duplications and mutagenesis, a domain loss model accounts for the distinct architecture and sequence of extant PAX proteins. Despite the disparate evolutionary history of these 4 conserved motifs, there is a remarkable level of interplay that is modulated by discrete sequences elsewhere in the protein. Here, the implications with respect to the evolution of PAX protein structure and activity are discussed, it is suggested that the sum of these constituent domains is more than the contribution of individual parts. When combined with alternative splicing and posttranslational modifications, this model confers an extraordinary degree of functional diversity to even highly related PAX proteins.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".