Fractionation of Lentil Seeds (<i>Lens culinaris</i> Medik.) for Insecticidal and Flavonol Tetraglycoside Components
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Crude methanol extracts from four cultivated varieties of mature lentil seeds (Lens culinaris Medik.) were found to possess antifeedant and insecticidal properties in laboratory tests with the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.), an insect pest of stored products. Flash chromatography with silica gel on active Diaion HP-20 methanol extracts gave flavonol, lysolecithin, soyasaponin, and peptide fractions, as determined by HPLC and electrospray ionization LC/MS. The flavonol fraction was shown by high-resolution NMR experiments to contain a mixture of kaempferol 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-O-[alpha-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->6)]-beta-galactopyranoside-7-O-alpha-rhamnopyranoside and, tentatively, kaempferol 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-O-[alpha-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->6)]-beta-glucopyranoside-7-O-alpha-rhamnopyranoside. These inactive tetraglycosides, although inseparable under the reported HPLC conditions, were detected by NMR spectroscopy in nearly equal proportions. Three lysolecithins were identical to those previously identified in pea extracts. Soyasaponin I (soyasaponin Bb) and soyasaponin VI (soyasaponin betag) were found in Diaion HP-20 methanol extracts. An insecticidal lentil peptide with a mass of 3881 Da, isolated from an Eston variety in small quantities by anion exchange chromatography, was related to the cysteine-rich pea albumin 1b class of botanical insecticides. Binary mixtures of the insecticidal lentil peptide and soybean soyasaponin I were synergistic in tests with S. oryzae.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it