Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research reports a special case of stress corrosion cracks (SCC) in the pipeline steels that had propagated in the direction deviated from the pipe radial direction. It was characterized that the cracks were intergranular in nature with relatively wide crack crevice. Most of crack being characterized consisted of two segments: a crack segment near pipe surface that is normal to the axis of hoop stress, and the subsequent segment that is inclined to the axis of the hoop stress. The segment near the surface was usually less than 1.5 mm long, and the inclined one was up to 10 mm in length. The angle of the inclined segment was dominantly in the range of 30° to 60°. To understand the mechanisms related to the deflected crack growth, the microstructure of the pipeline steels was studied. It was found that The pipeline steel is characterized with a sandwich-like microstructure, for which it is harder at the surface (∼ 1.5 mm thick) and progressively softer towards the center of the wall. This particular structure might have caused a complex loading condition to the pipe wall material such that yielding of the soft material become possible, particularly when crack has propagated into the soft region of the pipe wall. As a result, corrosion attack may take place in a direction consistent with the maximum shear stress, and cracking preceded by the concurrent interaction between corrosion attack and mechanical damage.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".