Distance of Three Supernova Remnants from H<scp>i</scp>Line Observations in a Complex Region: G114.3+0.3, G116.5+1.1, and CTB 1 (G116.9+0.2)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present new radio continuum and H I images towards the supernova remnants (SNRs) G114.3+0.3, G116.5+1.1, and G116.9+0.2 (CTB 1) taken from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS). We discuss the dynamics of their H I environment and a possible relationship of these SNRs with each other. We discovered patches of H I emission surrounding G114.3+0.3 indicating a location in the Local arm at a distance of about 700 pc in contrast to previous publications which proposed a Perseus arm location. The other two SNRs have radial velocities of −17 km s −1 (G116.5+1.1) and −27 km s −1 (CTB 1) according to related H I. However, the structure of the H I and its dynamics in velocity space suggest a possible relation between them, placing both remnants at a distance of about 1.6 kpc. CTB 1 appears to be embedded in an H I feature which is moving as a whole towards us with a velocity of about 10 km s −1. Furthermore, the off-centered location of CTB 1 in a large H I bubble indicates that the so-called breakout region of the remnant is in fact due to its expansion towards the low density interior of this bubble. We believe that the progenitor star of CTB 1 was an early B or O-type star shaping its environment with a strong stellar wind in which case it exploded in a Ib or Ic event. Subject headings: supernova remnants, ISM: individual G114.3+0.3, G116.5+1.1,
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".