Groundwater Dynamic and Its Interrelationship with River Water of Bandung Basin Using Environmental Isotopes (18O, 2H, 14C)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study of the interrelationship between groundwater and surface water is crucial in groundwater basin research. As an effective tracer in groundwater basin research, environmental isotopes can reveal the interrelationship between river water and groundwater. A research of groundwater and river water alongside river of Bandung area and its surrounding has been carried out. This research was conducted by taking some samples of shallow groundwater, deep groundwater and river water (Citarum, Cikapundung, Cikeruh and Citarik). The objective of this research is to determine groundwater recharge area and to investigate the inter-relationship between groundwater and river water. Based on isotopes ? 2H vs. ? 18O results, there were a mixing process at three location of shallow groundwater with river water. However, the result of isotope 14C does not show interrelationship, either by shallow groundwater or river water. From iso-age contour lines, it could be concluded that the dynamic patterns of deep groundwater show movement derived from the North and the South mountain to the North-West direction. The actual velocity in the area was around 0.25-3 m/year that can be estimated from iso-ages lines contour.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".