Study on the synthesis and application of salt‐resisting polymeric hydrogels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A kind of hydrogel of semi‐2 interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) consisting of poly(sodium acrylate) (PSA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), i.e. semi‐2 IPN PVA/PSA hydrogel, was synthesized by interpenetrating polymerization of sodium acrylate and N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide into a solution of PVA, using potassium persulfate and sodium bisulfite as initiators. The synthetic conditions affecting the properties of the resulting hydrogel and optimal conditions were investigated, while the resulting IPN hydrogel used as an agent for holding‐water was employed in the planting of trees in an arid soil containing a higher amount of saline. Experimental results indicate that the semi‐2 IPN PVA/PSA hydrogel has an absorbency of 700–800 and 70–90 ml/g for distilled water and saline solution, respectively, as well as showing a better salt‐resistance and water‐absorbing rate compared to polymeric hydrogels based on PSA due to the introduction of the PVA segment. The results showed the surviving ratio of the planted saplings could reach 100% and be raised to 70% compared with those without hydrogel. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".