Postnatal development of atrial repolarization in the mouse
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: This study examines postnatal development of action potential duration (APD) and voltage-dependent K(+) currents in mouse atrial myocytes and compares the expression levels of corresponding K(+) channels between adult and neonatal mouse atrial tissues. APD and K(+) currents were compared between atrial myocytes isolated from postnatal Day-1, Day-7, Day-20, and adult mice. RESULTS: All K(+) currents examined underwent significant up-regulation during postnatal life in mouse atrium, resulting in a dramatic shortening of the APD. The ultrarapid delayed rectifier (I(Kur)) was absent in the developing mouse heart and only contributed to repolarization in the adult mouse atrium, whereas the density of the other K(+) currents increased earlier during the developmental period. Indeed, the major changes in the expression of the inward rectifier current (I(K1)) occurred within the first week of life, the density of the Ca(2+)-independent transient outward K(+) current (I(to)) gradually increased while the development of the steady-state outward K(+) current (I(ss)) was completed within the first 3 weeks of life. Results of RNase protection assay and Western blot analysis confirmed that the postnatal development of the mouse atrial K(+) currents correlates with an increase in expression levels of underlying K(+) channel isoforms. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that in mouse atrium, each K(+) current exhibits a specific postnatal development, suggesting that regulatory factors taking place during development are major determinants of the functional role of K(+) channels in cardiac repolarization. The mouse atrium is, therefore, a very interesting model to gain information on the mechanisms regulating K(+) channel activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".