TEM study of nanopores and the embrittlement of CVD nickel foam
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ni foam, manufactured by depositing Ni onto polyurethane foam using the carbonyl CVD process, exhibits brittleness which has been correlated with the presence of a high number-density of ‘nanopores’. These nanopores, which were typically less than ∼25 nm in diameter, tended to be associated with sulphur, which is present in the form of H 2 S as a catalyst during the deposition process. The as deposited foam also shows significant hardening, ascribed to the high density of nanopores. This hardening may also help to reduce the ductility compared to well annealed nickel foam. High temperature annealing restores the foam to the high ductility typical of high purity nickel by coarsening the nanopores and removing the sulphur. The failure of the pores to sinter during high temperature annealing indicates the presence of stable gas molecules, the pressure from which balances the surface tension forces that drive sintering.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".