A Nonlinear Volumetric Contact Model for Planetary Rover Wheel/Soil Interaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel nonlinear planetary rover wheel/soil interaction model based on the properties of the penetration volume is proposed. This approach allows for fast multibody dynamic simulation of planetary rover operations by providing a closed-form solution for the contact forces. For the derivation of this contact model, the normal stress distribution under the planetary rover wheel is assumed to be a nonlinear function of the soil compression. The soil foundation with which the wheels of a robotic vehicle may interfere is represented by a continuum of hyperelastic springs. A linear version of this representation of the contact interface as a mattress of springs has been derived previously [1] and validated for the simulation of the interaction between two relatively inflexible objects [2]. However, for contacts involving large deformations, the nonlinear material properties have to be considered. In this paper, a brief summary of the elastic foundation model is given and the extension of the model to a hyperelastic foundation is provided so that it can be used for the intended purpose of modelling rover wheels in contact with soft terrain. A solution for the integral of the normal stress distribution of the rover wheels is proposed and verified in a number of numerical experiments by comparing the results against Bekker’s analytical approach. Although the focus of this work is on wheel/soil interaction, the general form of the volumetric contact modelling approach can be applied to any hyperelastic contact problem.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".