Relationships between stroke parameters and critical swimming speed in a sprint interval training set
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between stroke parameters and critical swimming speed (which is defined as the speed that can theoretically be maintained without exhaustion). Stroke parameters (stroke rate and length) and velocity were recorded for each 25-m length during a controlled sprint interval training set in which participants swam one of the four competitive strokes at a range of intensities below, at, and above critical speed. Eleven participants (8 females, 3 males; age 17.9 +/- 0.9 years) completed a progressive (descending) set of 8 x 100 m repetitions in a 25-m pool according to target times that ranged in intensity from 65% to 100% of the swimmer's best time (the intensity for each repetition increased by 5% throughout the set). The data showed that participants reached critical speed on the fourth repetition and that substantial and unpredictable changes in stroke parameters occurred once critical speed had been reached. Specifically, post-critical speed stroke rate and stroke length were significantly (P < 0.01) greater and less, respectively, than the pre-critical speed values, and these changes occurred in an abrupt and non-linear manner. Overall, the findings suggest that critical speed represents a transition point between two different sets of stroke parameter relationships--one for low-intensity aerobic swimming and one for high-intensity anaerobic swimming.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".