Scatterometer observations of wind variations induced by oceanic islands: Implications for wind-driven ocean circulation
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
AbstractScatterometer data at 25-km resolution are used to investigate the effects of the Hawaiian and Cabo Verde islands on the mean atmospheric flow. A wake of weak winds, flanked by accelerated winds, appears for each major island of both archipelagos. The resulting wind stress curl displays dipole-like structures, with positive values on the northern side and negative values on the southern side of the lee, extending several island diameters downwind. These curl anomalies reach a magnitude of 2 10‐6 Pa·m‐1 and correspond to Ekman pumping velocities of 3 m·day‐1 for Hawaii and 4 m·day‐1 for Cabo Verde. They spin up cyclonic eddies on the north side and anticyclonic eddies on the south side of the lee of each island. The response of the ocean circulation is investigated using a simple Sverdrup balance. Two counter-rotating Sverdrup gyres are spun up west of the island of Hawaii and extend to the western boundary of the Pacific Ocean. They result in an eastward zonal transport confined between 19° and 20°N. East of 170°W, the surface expression of this transport coincides with the Hawaiian Lee Counter Current. Similar gyres are anticipated to form in the Atlantic Ocean, but remain to be observed. These results suggest that strong mesoscale patterns in the wind field occurring in the lee of high-topography features must be resolved to force global ocean circulation models.Des données diffusiométriques sont utilisées à une résolution de 25 km pour étudier les effets des îles d'Hawaii et du Cap Vert sur l'écoulement atmosphérique. Un sillage de vents faibles, bordé de vents accélérés, est associé à chaque île des deux archipels. Le rotationnel de la tension du vent a une structure dipolaire, avec des valeurs positives au nord et négatives au sud du sillage, s'étendant de plusieurs fois le diamètre de l'île sous le vent. Les anomalies de rotationnel atteignent une amplitude de 2 10‐6 Pa·m‐1, correspondant à des vitesses de pompage d'Ekman de l'ordre de 3 m·jour‐1 pour Hawaii et 4 m·jour‐1 pour le Cap Vert. Elles engendrent des tourbillons cycloniques et anticycloniques au nord et au sud du sillage de chaque île. La réponse de la circulation océanique est étudié à l'aide d'une simple balance de Sverdrup. Deux gyres océaniques de Sverdrup se forment à l'ouest de l'île d'Hawaii, et s'étendent jusqu'au bord ouest du Pacifique. Un transport zonal vers l'est en résulte, confiné entre 19°N et 20°N. A l'est de 170°W, l'expression de ce transport coïncide avec le Hawaiian Lee Counter Current. La formation de gyres similaires est prévue dans l'Atlantique, mais n'a pas encore été observée. Les résultats suggèrent que les structures du vent à méso-échelle se formant dans le sillage d'îles montagneuses doivent être inclues dans le forçage des modèles de circulation océanique.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it