Using Quantitative Real Time PCR Melt Curve Analysis of Partial CO1 Sequence for Rapid Biotype Differentiation of<i>Bactericera cockerelli</i>(Hemiptera: Triozidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc), is a native of North America and occurs from Central America to Canada. A newly emerging plant pathogen, Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum, associated with potato psyllids in North America and New Zealand, has become a major concern in many solanaceous crops worldwide. In potato, Solanum tuberosum L., the resulting disease is called zebra chip, but similar foliar and vascular symptoms have been reported in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L., and peppers, Capsicum annuum L. To date, it is known that potato psyllids transmit Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum, and they are the primary mode of pathogen spread in potato, tomato, and pepper agroecosystems in North America and New Zealand. Potato psyllids have a rather wide range of hosts, including wild plants, from which the psyllids may spread to crop plants. Within the insect species, B. cockerelli, two biotypes are reported to exist. This differentiation was originally associated with hardiness to cold temperatures and can be monitored through genotypic variations in the cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene. In this study, two potato psyllid biotypes from four locations were delineated by melt temperature analysis following Sybr Green quantitative real-time PCR. In North Dakota, a northern extreme for the central range of potato psyllids, 100% of samples were “Central Biotype”; whereas, both biotypes (Central and Western) were found in Colorado where the two biotypes seem to overlap.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".