Bibliographic record
Abstract
We use molecular dynamics simulations to study the freezing of gold nanoparticles in a size range of N = 309-923 gold atoms and find the clusters freeze to a variety of structures, including icosahedra, decahedra and face-centered cubic type structures. Measurements of the rate of freezing for the different structures reveal that the icosahedral clusters form an order ofmagnitude faster than the remaining structures over the entire range of cluster sizes studied. An analysis of the structural evolution of the icosahedral and decahedral clusters during freezing events suggests that, despite the vast difference in freezing rates, the two structures both initially form the same five-fold symmetric cap, constructed from tetrahedral sub-units of face-centered cubic packed atoms. The slow rate of decahedron freezing may be caused introduction of strain into the structure as it grows along the five-fold symmetric axis of the cluster and the need to form high energy 〈100〉 facets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".