Enteral Arginine Partially Ameliorates Parenteral Nutrition–Induced Small Intestinal Atrophy and Stimulates Hepatic Protein Synthesis in Neonatal Piglets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Arginine is an indispensable amino acid in neonates; de novo synthesis of arginine occurs in the small intestine (SI) but is reduced during parenteral nutrition (PN), limiting the arginine available to the mucosa. We assessed the effects of route of intake and dietary concentration of arginine on protein synthesis, superior mesenteric artery (SMA) blood flow, and SI morphology. METHODS: Piglets (n = 18, 14-17 days old) were given complete PN for 3 days to induce SI atrophy, then switched to 1 of 3 treatments: arginine-free PN plus an intragastric (IG) infusion of high arginine (1.6 g · kg(-1)· d(-1), IG-H Arg) or low arginine (0.6 g · kg(-1)· d(-1), IG-L Arg) or complete high-arginine PN (1.6 g · kg(-1)· d(-1), IV-H Arg). RESULTS: Enteral arginine, irrespective of amount provided, stimulated hepatic protein synthesis compared with intravenous delivery of arginine (P = .01). SMA blood flow declined for all groups following the initiation of PN. After 48 hours on the test diets, all groups reached low constant levels, but the IV-H group was significantly higher than both IG groups (P < .05). Despite greater blood flow, the SI morphological characteristics in IV-H Arg pigs were not significantly improved over the other groups. IV-H Arg pigs had higher plasma concentrations of indispensable amino acids (tyrosine, isoleucine, and valine) compared with IG-H Arg, despite identical amino acid intakes. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous delivery of arginine sustained the best SMA blood flow, whereas even a moderate amount of enteral arginine stimulated liver protein synthesis and maintained SI growth, independent of blood flow.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".