Two-dimensional sensor array for low-level light detection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the design, fabrication process, and performance evaluation of a two-dimensional hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) n-i-p photodiode array, developed specifically for low-level light sensor applications. The design of the device is simpler than conventional active-matrix-arrays with thin-film transistor (TFT) addressing electronics, owing to the utilization of the a-Si:H switching diodes for signal readout. Since both sensor diodes and switching diodes are formed simultaneously through dry etching the entire wafer area, the mask count required for lithography is reduced to six. The most challenging problem associated with the fabrication of these devices is the excess leakage current, which inherently limits the output signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range. The reverse dark current in the photodiodes were minimized by tailoring the defects at the i-p interface. The junction-edge leakage current in the switching diodes is associated with damage caused by ion bombardment, and can be reduced by optimizing of the plasma processing conditions. A 3×4 pixels array prototype was tested using a specially designed test board which performs pre-amplification, double sampling and final amplification for each column of the array. Details of the signal readout process along with detector performances are presented and discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".