Thermoregulation in the box turtles <i>Terrapene carolina</i> and <i>Terrapene ornata</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Terrapene ornata and Terrapene carolina are box turtles that live in different habitats, the former in grasslands and desert edges and the latter in forested areas. Considering these species' habitat selection, we predicted that T. ornata would select a higher body temperature (T b ) and would be a more precise thermoregulator than T. carolina. We recorded time series of cloacal T b 's in thigmothermal linear gradients from acclimatized (12 h light : 12 h dark; 10 or 20°C) box turtles. We used three analytical methods to evaluate and characterize turtles' activity: a ratio-dependent index that measured activity as an indirect function of changes in T b , a comparison of hourly mean variances of T b (ratio-independent), and autocorrelation. We tested the thermoregulatory differences between active T. carolina and T. ornata with a factorial ANOVA and characterized the turtles' thermoregulatory cycles with correlograms. Overall, T. ornata had significantly higher mean T b 's than T. carolina. The two species had similar diel thermoregulatory cycles with a period of approximately 24 h. No clear differences in absolute thermoregulatory precision of T b 's were detected. These species' thermal behaviours were consistent with those reported from field studies, suggesting that there are intrinsically determined differences in thermal preference that may help explain the different habitat choices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".