Determinants of Percentage of Predicted Exercise Capacity in Premenopausal Women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Many studies have shown that cardiovascular disease is the first cause of mortality in women. Exercise capacity has been demonstrated to be an independent predictor of the risk of death and cardiac events among asymptomatic women. It has been reported that women with an exercise capacity of less than 85% of the age-predicted value are at a higher risk (hazard ratio of 2.44) of death from cardiac causes than those with at least 85% of the age-predicted value (Gulati et al. (1)). The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between body composition, metabolic indices and the percentage of predicted exercise capacity for a given age, in asymptomatic premenopausal women. METHODS: A total of 97 premenopausal women (age: 49.9±2.0 yrs; % fat: 31.1±6.5 % mean±sd) underwent a stress-test to measure maximal exercise capacity (VO2 peak) (VO2: 33.9±5.7 mlO2·kg−1·min−1). A nomogram established by Gulati et al. (1) was used to determine the % of the predicted exercise capacity achieved (%PEC) (103.1±14.2 %) according to their age and the measured VO2 peak. Body composition was measured by DEXA and abdominal fat by axial computed tomography. Other measurements included blood pressure, fasting blood samples for plasma lipids, insulin and glucose levels. RESULTS: Body mass index (r=−0.32, P<0.01), waist circumference (r=−0.24, P<0.05), %fat (r=−0.58, P<0.01), fat-free mass (r=0.37, P<0.01), fat mass (r=−0.47, P<0.01), triglycerides (r=−0.29, P<0.01), total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio (r=−0.30, P<0.01), insulin (r=−0.29, P<0.01), and glucose (r=−0.21, P<0.05) were all significantly related to %PEC. Abdominal subcutaneous, visceral or total areas of adipose tissue accumulation and blood pressure were not correlated with %PEC. A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that % fat (β=−0.59, P<0.001) and plasma triglycerides (β=−0.32, P<0.001) were significantly related to the inter-individual variation observed in %PEC (R2=0.44, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our results showed that % fat and plasma concentration of fasting triglyceride account for 44% of the inter-individual variation observed in the %PEC in our sample of asymptomatic premenopausal women.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".