Climatology of cyclones, anticyclones and storm tracks: revision of concepts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper has the finality of describe climatology of extratropical cyclones, anticyclones and storm tracks for the NH and SH. There is a long history of studies on the characteristics of synoptic systems, beginning with classical work on mid-latitude cyclones. For the SH, analyses of pressure data provide extensive statistics of the climatology of synoptic systems. Interestingly, the anticyclones mean central pressure at 38ºS in JJA and 44ºS in DJF. SH cyclones are characterized in frequency maximum in the circumpolar trough between about 50ºS and 70ºS. For the NH cyclones, the principal findings of the analysis are as follows: In January the primary maxima are in the western North Atlantic, with a peak about 45º - 50ºN, where there is a secondary peak, over the north-central Mediterranean; These characteristics are similar in April but with decrease in the frequency of centers; In July the frequencies are further reduced and the hemisphere maximum is over eastern Canada at 55ºN; The October pattern resembles that of winter, except that the Atlantic maximum is off southeast Greenland.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".