Carbon Distribution in a Hummocky Landscape from Saskatchewan, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Changes in the topography influence organic and inorganic C contents and δ 13 C values of soil C across a landscape. The objectives of this research were to: (i) study the effect of landscape on the formation and distribution of pedogenic carbonate and organic matter distribution in a hummocky landscape, and (ii) estimate the amount of organic C and pedogenic carbonate accumulation in local scale in comparison with regional scale using the stable isotope geochemistry techniques and standard characterization analyses. A hummocky landscape, typical of 38% of Saskatchewan's land, with glacial till parent material under virgin grassland, was studied. Organic C content of A horizons range between 20 to 98 g kg −1 Both extremes occurred in level positions of the south‐facing and north‐facing slopes. The lowest δ 13 C value of organic C (−29.6‰) was measured in a depression and the highest (more positive) was obtained on a shoulder (−21.7‰). The δ 13 C values of carbonate ranged from −0.9‰ (carbonated parent material) at the 114‐cm depth in level complex to −7.9‰ at depth of 100 cm in footslope complex and depression. The amount and percentage of pedogenic carbonate was higher in north‐facing slopes than in southward slopes. The highest proportion and amount of pedogenic carbonate up to 1‐m depth was found in Calcicryolls in footslope complex position in the north‐facing slope, and likely represents a gain in carbonate through lateral flows. The lowest proportion and amount (34.4% and 33.9 kg m −2 ) was found in the shoulder complex segment of west‐facing slope and in footslope complex position in east‐west direction. On average, the rate of accumulation is about 1.25 g C m −2 yr −1 of inorganic C (pedogenic carbonate) and 1.25 g C m −2 yr −1 as organic C. These are close to the calculated rate of 1.4 g C m −2 yr −1 for Dark Brown, and 1.3 g C m −2 yr −1 for Black soils (Mollisols) in Saskatchewan.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".