Bibliographic record
Abstract
Few specific treatments for children with chronic cholestasis are available. Most therapy strategies relieve bile component retention or palliate some of the consequences of chronic cholestasis. Ursodeoxycholic acid is the most frequently used pharmacological agent in children with chronic cholestasis. This bile acid is administered at dosages between 10 and 30 mg/kg/day to patients with cystic fibrosis, inborn errors of bile acid metabolism, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, sclerosing cholangitis, biliary atresia, Alagille syndrome, or those receiving total parenteral nutrition. Ursodeoxycholic acid mainly increases bile flow and has a membrane-stabilizing effect, reducing the toxicity of more hydrophobic bile acids. Rifampicin, an antibiotic, at dosages between 10 and 20 mg/kg/day is very efficient in relieving pruritus. Similar effects are obtained using nonabsorbable ion exchange resins. In addition, these molecules decrease the serum cholesterol levels contributing to reduce xanthomas. Replacement of some deficiencies created by total parenteral nutrition by administration of essential fatty acids or cysteine can prevent or contribute to improve the associated liver disorders. In some cholestatic diseases, surgical procedures can help to relieve the obstacle to the bile flow, as it is the case for portoenterostomy in patients with biliary atresia. In cases of intrahepatic cholestasis, a clinical and biochemical improvement can be recorded after bile diversion or other procedure (ileum exclusion) limiting the absorption of bile acids by the intestine. In the future, the association of these different pharmacological agents, increasing the bile flow, protecting cell membranes, or restoring nutritional deficiencies, could contribute to an improvement in quality of life in children with chronic cholestasis and eventually delay the need of a more drastic therapy such as liver transplantation. Advances in gene therapy and hepatocyte transplantation could also be of great help; however, many years of intense research are still necessary before even a pilot study using one of these therapies can be considered on liver diseases resulting in chronic cholestasis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".