Midnight radial profiles of the quiet and growth‐phase plasma sheet: The Geotail observations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To evaluate the plasma sheet transition from weak to strong convection, we investigate ion moments and magnetic field observed by Geotail. The Geotail data from 1995 to 1997 within the area −9 R E ≥ X GSM ≥ −30 R E and ∣ Y GSM ∣ ≤ 5 R E were sorted for periods of quiet times and the substorm growth phase, which gives a better indication of convection strength than do global indexes. We find that the overall growth‐phase ion pressure is a factor of ∼1.55 higher than the quiet‐time ion pressure. Density is higher and temperature is lower during quiet times. Ions drift mainly earthward and duskward, and the drift speed is about twice stronger during the growth phase. The duskward drift is dominated by ions' diamagnetic drift. The ∣ B x ∣ in the lobes increases strongly, while B z near the current sheet at small radial distance decreases as convection increases, indicating that field lines become more stretched during the growth phase because of the earthward penetration of the plasma sheet. The increase in the lobe magnetic field is sufficient to maintain force balance in the z direction with the enhanced ion pressure in the plasma sheet. Intervals of negative B z are observed during both quiet and growth‐phase conditions. The observed negative B z intervals near the current sheet are short and are likely caused by perturbations, while those in the lobes are substantially longer and are likely associated with field line flaring.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".