Characterization of the Aggregates Made by Short Poly(ethylene oxide) Chains Labeled at One End with Pyrene
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The association of a monodisperse poly(ethylene oxide) 53 ethylene oxide units long and labeled at one end with pyrene (Py-PEO) was monitored as a function of Py-PEO concentration by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence, surface tension, static (SLS), and dynamic (DLS) light scattering. The excimer fluorescence decays exhibit no rise time for any polymer concentration investigated in this study (>0.5 g/L), indicating that pyrene aggregates are present in solution and confirming the existence of Py-PEO micelles. No excimer emission could be detected for Py-PEO concentration smaller than 0.1 g/L. The first critical aggregation concentration (CAC1) for the formation of Py-PEO micelles was estimated to equal 0.003 g/L by SLS. The Py-PEO micelles are surface active above a Py-PEO concentration larger than 0.001 g/L (0.4 μM) where a clear drop in surface tension is observed at concentrations slightly lower than CAC1. At a Py-PEO concentration of 10 g/L, the surface tension plateaus due to the aggregation of Py-PEO micelles. This corresponds to a second critical aggregation concentration referred to as CAC2. The aggregation was probed by DLS. DLS provided the hydrodynamic diameter of the Py-PEO micelles, which was found to equal 7.2 ± 3.1 nm. Fluorescence was used to determine the aggregation number of the Py-PEO micelles, which was found to equal 20 ± 2. The combination of the aggregation number found by fluorescence and the hydrodynamic radius found by DLS led to the conclusion that the Py-PEO micelles are made of a hydrophobic pyrene-rich core surrounded by a corona of collapsed PEO chains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".