Effect of Dietary Chromium on Resistance Artery Function and Nitric Oxide Signaling in the Sucrose-Fed Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Consumption of high-glycemic index foods contributes to the development of hypertension in some patients. Likewise, in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), high sucrose promotes a secondary rise in systolic blood pressure (SBP). Chromium (III) (Cr(3+)) prevents sucrose-induced hypertension, but leaves the basal hypertension that characterizes SHR intact. METHODS: Since hypertension entails increased peripheral resistance, we compared effects of Cr(3+) on resistance arteries from SHR fed low-glycemic (starch) versus high-glycemic (sucrose) index diets. Subgroups of SHR also received Cr(3+). Structure, stiffness, and vasodilation of mesenteric resistance arteries were studied using pressurized myography. RESULTS: Sucrose increased SBP in SHR and, exclusively in sucrose-fed SHR, Cr(3+) reduced SBP and augmented acetylcholine or nitroprusside-dependent vasodilation. Neither sucrose nor Cr(3+) affected artery structure or stiffness. Since Cr(3+) enhanced vasodilation, we assessed endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), guanylate cyclase, cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG-1alpha and 1beta), and PKG activity by immunoblotting. Sucrose reduced eNOS, PKG-1beta, and PKG activity. Cr(3+) prevented the effects of sucrose on NO signaling. CONCLUSION: In hypertension exacerbated by high-glycemic index diet, Cr(3+) reduces SBP. The BP-lowering effect of Cr(3+), selectively on sucrose-induced but not basal hypertension in SHR, involves at least in part, improving vasodilatory function vis-à-vis restoration of NO signaling in resistance arteries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".