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Record W1990388540 · doi:10.1300/j140v05n01_01

Issues in Hemispheric Trade and Investments

2004· article· en· W1990388540 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Raul Gouvea

Bibliographic record

VenueLatin American Business Review · 2004
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicInternational Relations in Latin America
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsLatin AmericansHumanitiesFree trade agreementPolitical scienceDemocracyEconomic integrationWelfare economicsGeographyEconomicsFree tradeInternational tradeArt

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

ABSTRACT The creation of hemispheric trading in the Americas has been a long-term dream. Market-oriented reforms implemented by Latin American economies in the 1990s, in addition to widespread democratic regimes in the region, have opened a window of opportunity for economic integration. In November of 2002, a new president, Luis Inacio da Silva, was elected in Brazil. The interaction between Luis Inacio da Silva (Lula) and George W. Bush will largely determine the format and timing of the hemispheric Free Trade Area for the Americas (FTAA), extending from the Yukon to Patagonia. This hemispheric economic integration initiative suggests a number of opportunities and challenges for the 34 countries involved in unifying markets across the Americas. Brazil and the U.S. will play a vital role in any attempt to integrate Latin American markets. The dynamics of the coexistence between these two countries will largely decide the future of the Free Trade Area for the Americas (FTAA) initiative. RESUMEN. El sueño de formar un comercio hemisférico en las Américas se remonta muchos años. Las reformas orientadas al mercado implementadas por las economías latinoamericanas en los años 1990, conjuntamente con la diseminación de los regímenes democráticos en la región, abrieron una ventana de oportunidades para lograr la integración económica. En noviembre de 2002, Brasil eligió un nuevo presidente, Luis Inacio da Silva. La interacción entre Luis Inacio da Silva (Lula) y George W. Bush determinará, en gran medida, el formato y el momento oportuno para el establecimiento del área de Libre Comercio de las Américas (ALCA), que se extenderá del Yukon a la Patagonia. Esta iniciativa en pro de la integración económica hemisférica sugiere un número de oportunidades y retos para los 34 países involucrados en la unificación de los mercados a lo largo de las Américas. Brasil y EE.UU. juegan un papel de vital importancia en cualquier tentativa que se realice para integrar los mercados latinoamericanos. La dinámica que impulsa la coexistencia entre estos dos países decidirá, en gran parte, el futuro de la iniciativa que defiende la creación del Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas (ALCA). RESUMO. A criação de comércio hemisférico nas Américas é um sonho há muito acalentado. Reformas de mercado implementadas pelas economias latino-americanas na década de 1990, além da difusão de regimes democráticos na região, criaram uma nova janela de oportunidade para integração econômica. Em novembro de 2002, elegeu-se o novo presidente do Brasil, Luis Inácio da Silva. A interação entre Luis Inácio da Silva (Lula) e George W. Bush determinará, em grande parte, o formato e o timing da Área de Livre Comércio das Américas (ALCA), que vai de Yukon à Patagônia. Esta integração econômica hemisférica sugere diversas oportunidades para os 34 países envolvidos na unificação dos mercados nas Américas. O Brasil e os Estados Unidos terão um papel fundamental em qualquer tentativa de integrar os mercados latino-americanos. A dinâmica da coexistência entre esses dois países decidirá, em grade parte, o futuro da Área de Livre Comércio das Américas (ALCA).

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Other design · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.757
Threshold uncertainty score0.974

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.002
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.020
GPT teacher head0.352
Teacher spread0.332 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designOther design
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2004
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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