Bibliographic record
Abstract
The creation of hemispheric trading in the Americas has been a long-term dream. Market-oriented reforms implemented by Latin American economies in the 1990s, in addition to widespread democratic regimes in the region, have opened a window of opportunity for economic integration. In November of 2002, a new president, Luis Inacio da Silva, was elected in Brazil. The interaction between Luis Inacio da Silva (Lula) and George W. Bush will largely determine the format and timing of the hemispheric Free Trade Area for the Americas (FTAA), extending from the Yukon to Patagonia. This hemispheric economic integration initiative suggests a number of opportunities and challenges for the 34 countries involved in unifying markets across the Americas. Brazil and the U.S. will play a vital role in any attempt to integrate Latin American markets. The dynamics of the coexistence between these two countries will largely decide the future of the Free Trade Area for the Americas (FTAA) initiative. RESUMEN. El sueño de formar un comercio hemisférico en las Américas se remonta muchos años. Las reformas orientadas al mercado implementadas por las economías latinoamericanas en los años 1990, conjuntamente con la diseminación de los regímenes democráticos en la región, abrieron una ventana de oportunidades para lograr la integración económica. En noviembre de 2002, Brasil eligió un nuevo presidente, Luis Inacio da Silva. La interacción entre Luis Inacio da Silva (Lula) y George W. Bush determinará, en gran medida, el formato y el momento oportuno para el establecimiento del área de Libre Comercio de las Américas (ALCA), que se extenderá del Yukon a la Patagonia. Esta iniciativa en pro de la integración económica hemisférica sugiere un número de oportunidades y retos para los 34 países involucrados en la unificación de los mercados a lo largo de las Américas. Brasil y EE.UU. juegan un papel de vital importancia en cualquier tentativa que se realice para integrar los mercados latinoamericanos. La dinámica que impulsa la coexistencia entre estos dos países decidirá, en gran parte, el futuro de la iniciativa que defiende la creación del Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas (ALCA). RESUMO. A criação de comércio hemisférico nas Américas é um sonho há muito acalentado. Reformas de mercado implementadas pelas economias latino-americanas na década de 1990, além da difusão de regimes democráticos na região, criaram uma nova janela de oportunidade para integração econômica. Em novembro de 2002, elegeu-se o novo presidente do Brasil, Luis Inácio da Silva. A interação entre Luis Inácio da Silva (Lula) e George W. Bush determinará, em grande parte, o formato e o timing da Área de Livre Comércio das Américas (ALCA), que vai de Yukon à Patagônia. Esta integração econômica hemisférica sugere diversas oportunidades para os 34 países envolvidos na unificação dos mercados nas Américas. O Brasil e os Estados Unidos terão um papel fundamental em qualquer tentativa de integrar os mercados latino-americanos. A dinâmica da coexistência entre esses dois países decidirá, em grade parte, o futuro da Área de Livre Comércio das Américas (ALCA).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".