A Gene Expression Signature for Relapse of Primary Wilms Tumors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anaplastic histology and metastasis are each associated with higher relapse and mortality rates in Wilms tumor patients. However, not all anaplastic tumors relapse and some nonanaplastic tumors relapse unexpectedly. To identify more accurate early prognostic indicators, we analyzed expression of 4,900 cancer-related genes in 26 primary Wilms tumors. This analysis revealed that expression of a set of four genes predicts future relapse of primary Wilms tumors with high accuracy, independent of anaplasia. Random permutation testing of this prognostic gene expression signature yielded P = 0.003. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis of the four genes in an independent primary tumor set resulted in correct prediction of future relapse with an accuracy of 92%. One of the four genes in the prognostic signature, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPB), is expressed at higher levels in both primary relapsing tumors and metastatic tumors than in primary nonrelapsing tumors. Short interfering RNA-mediated down-regulation of C/EBPB expression in WiT49, a cell line derived from a metastatic Wilms tumor, resulted in spontaneous apoptosis. These findings suggest that C/EBPB is a critical survival factor for Wilms tumor cells and that its expression contributes to the prognosis of Wilms tumor patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".