Effects of fixation temperature and environment on copper speciation in ACQ treated red pine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Red pine ( Pinus resinosa Ait.) sapwood samples treated with alkaline (amine) copper quaternary (ACQ) were conditioned at different temperatures and under wet or dry conditions to evaluate the stability of copper (Cu) to leaching and conversion of divalent copper (Cu-II) to monovalent copper (Cu-I). Significant Cu-II was reduced to Cu-I during post-treatment stabilization, especially at elevated temperatures (105°C and 120°C). The percent conversion to Cu-I was higher at lower retentions; in some cases, at low retentions and high fixation temperatures, all of the cupric Cu was reduced to Cu-I, raising the possibility of reduced activity of Cu as a biocide when high temperature conditions are used to fix ACQ treated wood. However, exposure of wood to a leaching procedure (rewetting, re-drying) generally resulted in a significant component of the Cu-I in wood being oxidized back to Cu-II. Steaming of weathered ACQ treated wood at 120°C also converted significant amounts of Cu-II to Cu-I.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".