Life Cycle Cost Analysis for Ground-Coupled Heat Pump Systems Including Several Types of Heat Exchangers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ground-Coupled Heat Pump (GCHP) systems are now popular in both residential and commercial applications because of their great advantages as compared to conventional electrical air conditioning systems. One of the most important problems in evaluating the GCHP systems is optimizing the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) of the systems. Yeung firstly proposed LCC optimization model to roughly estimate the LCC of GCHP systems with single U-type heat exchangers. However, in this optimization, only single U-type heat exchanger was considered. Moreover, the optimization did not take into account the eect of pipe sizes on the heat pump and neither considered the capacity of the heat pump. In this paper, a model of LCC optimization with new improvements was proposed to optimize the LCC of GCHP systems in consideration with the eect of pipe sizes and capacity of the heat pump for not only single U-type heat exchanger but also for double, triple U-type, and coil-type heat exchangers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".