Modeling of Occupant-Generated CO<sub>2</sub>Dynamics in Naturally Ventilated Classrooms
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A numerical method is presented to estimate the concentration of occupant-generated CO(2) for the (time-varying) occupancy typically found in nonforced ventilated elementary school classrooms. Here, the governing mass balance was solved numerically and compared to experimental measurements in order to estimate the respiration and (time-varying) infiltration rates. For the cases studied, we estimate an average CO(2) generation rate per child as 404 mg/min(-1). This is similar to estimates found in the literature for the age and activity level of elementary students, the classroom occupants. The average estimated infiltration rates were found to be larger than those measured from the decay of the tracer gas SF(6) under closed-door static conditions. The in-use infiltration rates were increased by additional air exchange due to people entering and leaving the room. In addition, we show that the difference (or error) between the instantaneous concentration of CO(2) and the time-averaged value recorded by a data-logging CO(2) monitor varies depending on the infiltration rate and sampling time. Therefore, the time interval selected for averaging may increase the overall error of the apparent CO(2) concentration. We conclude that the methods used to measure air exchange rates in naturally ventilated rooms underestimate the actual ventilation rate of a room under "in-use" conditions. However, even with the addition of uncontrolled outdoor air, the concentration of CO(2) in the classrooms studied was higher than recommended to meet air quality objectives.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it