Tail dynamics during the growth phase of the 24 November 1996, substorm event: Near‐Earth reconnection confined in the plasma sheet
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study examines a substorm event on 24 November 1996, with an emphasis on magnetic field and plasma flow measurements in the magnetotail during the growth phase. The unique and most intriguing feature of this event is a systematic change of the flow direction from earthward to tailward observed by the Geotail satellite at X ∼ −21 RE. Good correlation between VX and BX is found for the intervals of both earthward and tailward flows, which suggests that observed variations of the flow velocity were caused by satellite motion relative to the plasma sheet rather than the temporal change of the velocity itself. It is inferred that the earthward and tailward flows lasted at least 9 and 5 min, respectively. The signs of BZ and BY variations also changed systematically along with the sign of VX. These results are consistent with the idea that the observed flow reversal was caused by the earthward movement of a neutral line, which might be formed at a preceding pseudobreakup or even earlier. It is inferred that the associated reconnection did not reach the lobe magnetic field, and that the neutral line is convected toward the Earth along with the background plasma. Interestingly, during the interval of the flow reversal, other satellites observed typical growth‐phase features. The geosynchronous magnetic field continued to be stretched in the midnight sector. The Interball and IMP8 satellites observed a continuous increase of the lobe field strength at X = −20 and −34 RE, respectively, in the premidnight sector. It is therefore concluded that the tail current intensification during the growth phase is a global process, whereas the near‐Earth reconnection is a local process, which, at its early stage, can proceed independently from the overall storage of the tail magnetic energy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".