Visualization and Quantification of Asphaltinic-Heavy Oil Displacement by Co-Solvents at Different Wettability Conditions
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Despite numerous experimental studies, there is a lack of fundamental understanding on how the chemical composition of a co-solvent at different wettability conditions might affect the pore-scale events and oil recovery efficiency in 5-spot models. In this study visualization of solvent injection experiments performed on a one-quarter five spot glass micromodel, which was initially saturated with the crude oil. One hydrocarbon solvent was considered as base, and four other groups of commercial chemicals, as well as their mixtures, were used as co-solvents. Microscopic and macroscopic displacement efficiency of solvent mixtures in both strongly water-wet and oil-wet media has been studied. It has been observed that small aggregates of asphaltene can improve oil recovery to some extent during early stages of solvent injection. Different groups of chemicals showed various effects on oil recovery based on their nature. An optimum mixture with some percent of commercials containing alcohol group with greatest sweep efficiency was found. The observations confirmed that the presence of connate water in strongly water-wet medium could improve the final recovery, while the effect of wettability in absence of connate water was at minimum. Keywords: asphalteneco-Solventfive-spot micromodelheavy oilvisualizationwettability
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it