Effective Dose to Children during Cardiac Catheterization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effective dose received by children during cardiac procedures. 6 children from 3 to 14 years old who underwent coronary angiogram, cardiac catheterization and pulmonary valvuloplasty treatment were included in the present study. Measurement of effective doses of the paediatric cardiac patients was performed in four catheterization laboratories in three hospitals. Harshaw TLD badges (TLD-100, LiF: Mg, Ti) were used on patients to measure effective dose in the catheterization laboratory. The TLD badges were calibrated from Secondary Standard Dosimetery Laboratory. It is found that the highest dose was 2.01 mSv in 5.4 minute fluoroscopic time during peripheral angiogram and primary pace maker procedure and the lowest effective dose was 0.044 mSv in 1.2 minute fluoroscopic time during coronary angiography performed in the same hospital. The highest fluoroscopic time (18:14 min) was taken to perform a cardiac catheterization and pulmonary valvuloplasty procedure and the dose was 0.781 mSv. During cardiac catheterization children were exposed to high levels of radiation but there was a variant in dosage. Careful consideration should be given to minimize dosage by practicing ALARA principle. This type of study may lead cardiologist and scientist to improve necessary safety measures to be taken to reduce the exposure to patients and occupational worker. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v4i1.14704 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.4 No.1 2011 145-147
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".