The 220‐age equation does not predict maximum heart rate in children and adolescents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Our primary purpose was to provide maximum heart rate (HR(max) ) values for ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP). The secondary purpose was to determine the effects of age, sex, ambulatory ability, height, and weight on HR(max) . In 362 ambulatory children and adolescents with CP (213 males and 149 females; age range 6-19y; 195 spastic unilateral, 162 spastic bilateral, and five ataxic CP), HR(max) was measured during a 10-m (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels I and II) or 7.5 m (GMFCS level III) shuttle run test. The mean HR(max) was 194 (SD 9.9) beats per minute (bpm), with a 95% prediction interval between 174 and 214 bpm. No associations were found in HR(max) related to age, sex, ambulatory ability, height, and weight. Since the HR(max) did not vary with age, equations such as 220-age are not appropriate. When direct evaluation of HR(max) with exercise testing is not feasible, we suggest the mean value of 194 bpm be considered as an estimate of HR(max) at the individual level.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".