Ligament grafts become more susceptible to creep within days after surgery: Evidence for early enzymatic degradation of a ligament graft in a rabbit model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that some ligament grafts stretch after surgery. Our purpose in this study was to quantify early postoperative creep behavior of ligament autografts in an animal model, and to explore potential mechanisms of that behavior. 38 New Zealand white rabbits underwent a unilateral, fresh, anatomic medial collateral ligament (MCL) autograft procedure and were killed immediately (time-zero), at 2 days, 3 weeks, or 8 weeks after surgery (n = 7-11 in each group). We compared the creep behavior of the autografts to normal MCLs (n = 8). An additional 7 MCL specimens were incubated for 2 days in a low concentration collagenase solution and then similarly creep-tested. All grafts were slower to recover their original length after creep than either normal ligaments or time-zero controls. These grafts started to become more vulnerable to elongation in cyclic and static creep tests within 2 days of surgery, compared to time-zero controls. This vulnerability to creep increased over the next 3 weeks, and was maintained at 8 weeks of healing. 2-day collagenase-soaked MCL specimens had the same creep strains as the 2-day autografts. These results suggest that even fresh anatomic ligament autografts become vulnerable to creep within a few days after surgery by mechanisms that may involve degradative enzymes such as collagenase.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".