Temporal Variation in Prevalence of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus Type IVb among Upper St. Lawrence River Smallmouth Bass
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We investigated a newly introduced pathogen in a wild population of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu in the St. Lawrence River to illuminate unknown temporal and demographic prevalence patterns. We used real‐time quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction to assess viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) genotype IVb (VHSV‐IVb) viral N‐gene levels. Our objectives were to characterize the distribution and abundance of this newly introduced pathogen within a naïve population of economically valuable sport fish through an annual cycle. We also sought to describe VHSV‐IVb levels across demographic groups (males and females; adults and subadults). Strong temporal variation in prevalence of VHSV‐IVb was evident through the annual cycle; peaks in prevalence corresponded to the smallmouth bass spawning period and a temperature range of 10–14°C. No difference in VHSV‐IVb prevalence between male and female smallmouth bass was detected. However, a markedly higher prevalence was observed in subadult fish than in adult fish. Owing to the observed temporal patterns in prevalence, surveillance programs for VHSV‐IVb in smallmouth bass should concentrate effort on springtime sampling and should include subadult fish.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".