USE OF AMBIENT SOUND MEASUREMENTS IN AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR OCEAN MONITORING
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Measurements of underwater sound were made at 16 frequencies in the range 500 Hz 50 kHz using 3 moored hydrophones located off the west coast of Ireland during Oct-Nov 2003. These data have been analysed in relation to environmental conditions, particularly wind speed and rainfall. Although there are some unexplained offsets in the overall acoustic levels compared with those obtained by other researchers, it has proved possible to develop a classification scheme enabling wind, drizzle, rain, and contamination to be separately identified. The acoustic data can be used to infer wind speed to within 2 m s-1. There is also useful skill in the detection of drizzle and rain events, and some encouraging results in the quantitative estimation of rain-rate have been achieved. Comparisons have been made with deployments of the hydrophones off SW England and Canada. It is found that when precipitation is absent, underwater sound can be predicted from wind speed alone to an accuracy of ±1dB provided the winds are not light. Suggestions are made as to how such a subsurface technique might be combined with spaceborne measurements to enable estimates of underwater sound levels globally. The feasibility of using hydrophones within the Argo float programme should be explored
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".