NO<sub>x</sub> during background and ozone depletion periods at Alert: Fluxes above the snow surface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Measurements of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at Alert, Nunavut, Canada showed median background mixing ratios of 0.2 and 1.3 pmol mol−1, respectively, during darkness in late winter 2000, and 2.8 and 10.8 pmol mol−1 during spring in 24‐hour light. Both NO and NO2 showed clear diurnal cycles with noontime maxima during spring. In darkness, no NOx exchange between the snow surface and the overlying atmosphere was detected. During the period of 24‐hour sunlight, the snow surface constituted a source of NOx, whose noon‐time flux reached approximately 40 nmol m−2 h−1. Measured NOx fluxes were roughly equal to HONO fluxes reported during the Alert campaign. The fluxes were correlated to ultraviolet light intensity, but anticorrelated to wind speeds. During 2 days of high wind speeds under O3 depletion conditions, the fluxes were not significantly different from zero. However, under low wind speeds during the O3 depletion event, the snowpack continued to emit a detectable NOx flux. The observed release of NOx and HONO during the sunlit period was small relative to the observed decrease in the snowpack surface‐layer nitrate inventory. Finally, as part of this study, the nitrous acid (HONO) interference in the Xe‐lamp‐based photolytic NO2 measurements was determined; it amounted to 24% of the HONO mixing ratio.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".