Mycotoxin fumonisin B1 stimulates nitric oxide production in a murine macrophage cell line
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin, is a common fungal contaminant of corn and corn products. This sphingolipid-like compound causes a variety of animal diseases and is a suspected human carcinogen. Cellular targets of FB1 include hepatocytes and renal and immune cells. The effects of FB1 on nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were investigated in the present study by using a murine macrophage cell line as a model system. Stimulation of NO production was observed for increasing concentrations of FB1 (1, 10, and 100 microM) and either 0.005 or 0.01 microgram/ml LPS. Although with an increasing dose of FB1 the total protein content decreased for the stimulated and the unstimulated cells, the NO production remained elevated for the stimulated cells. It can be hypothesized that the potentiation of the LPS-dependent NO production by FB1 treatment could be due to direct interaction between FB1 and NO synthases and LPS receptors or to a disrupted sphingolipid metabolism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".