Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Patellar height is evaluated with ratios that have been derived from measurements made on lateral radiographs of the knee. The importance of using a ratio is that magnification, physical size, and flexion angle are eliminated as factors that affect the values. The Insall-Salvati index was the first ratio to be described. It remains the most popular, possibly because normal values are easy to remember. As all of the currently accepted methods are cumbersome to use because they require two measurements as well as a calculation, a single angular measurement was devised (the plateau-patella angle) to offer a simpler alternative. The purpose of this study was to introduce the new method and to assess its validity by comparing it with three classic, commonly used ratios. METHODS: In two groups of patients, after exclusions, 269 lateral radiographs of the knee were evaluated. All measurements required for the Insall-Salvati, the Blackburne-Peel, and the Caton-Deschamps indices plus the plateau-patella angle were recorded, along with basic demographics. For validation, the new method was compared with the established methods, and interobserver and intraobserver reliability were computed. RESULTS: There was excellent correlation between the proposed angle and the three selected indices, especially with the Blackburne-Peel index. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability was high and compared favorably with that reported in the literature for the three classic ratios. The calculated ratios were in line with those described in the literature. The mean plateau-patella angle was 25°. Ninety percent of the measurements fell between 20° and 30°, and one standard deviation above and below was 21° to 29°. CONCLUSIONS: The plateau-patella angle, a new method of evaluating patellar height, can be measured rapidly with use of either a goniometer or digital software. Its range is easy to remember, it is reliably reproduced, and it correlates well with traditional methods. It is thus a valid and easy alternative method for the evaluation of patellar height.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".