Perceptual and cognitive performance in Indian female tea-pluckers are improved with iron-fortified salt
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency in the world, and differentially affects women of reproductive age. Both human and animal studies have documented substantial deficits in individual perceptual and cognitive functioning with ID and improvements with iron repletion. Previous work is limited by a lack of specificity for perceptual and cognitive assessment. The present study examines the effects of ID and repletion in 248 female tea-pickers of reproductive age (18-55 y) in West Bengal, India. Subjects were part of a 10-month double-blind, randomized controlled intervention with salt double-fortified with iodine and iron (DFS) and iodized salt (control). Six measures of perceptual and cognitive performance---simple reaction time, 2 measures of visual detection, 2 measures of attention, and recognition memory---were selected for their ability to selectively examine perceptual and cognitive functioning relative to iron status and to job performance. We previously reported (VSS ’11) substantial improvements in perceptual and cognitive performance in women receiving DFS. We here present further analyses linking improvements in specific aspects of perceptual and cognitive performance to positive changes in iron status, baseline iron status, and amount of DFS consumed. The results include the effects of iron status on individual perceptual and cognitive functioning, and of body iron repletion on the resolution of perceptual and cognitive deficits caused by ID. Additionally, we examine the relationship between amount of iron consumed and perceptual and cognitive functioning, and the dependence of this relationship on baseline iron status. This work has important implications for dietary iron and therapy recommendations, and suggests that perceptual and cognitive functioning must be considered when determining the health and economic losses due to ID. Support: Mathile Institute, Micronutrient Initiative, and NSF. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2012
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".